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That One Painting at the Art Institute of Chicago

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Fine art museum and schoolhouse in Chicago, United States

Art Constitute of Chicago
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Every bit seen from Michigan Ave

Art Institute of Chicago is located in Chicago metropolitan area

Art Institute of Chicago

Location within Chicago metropolitan area

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Art Institute of Chicago is located in Illinois

Art Institute of Chicago

Art Establish of Chicago (Illinois)

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Art Institute of Chicago is located in the United States

Art Institute of Chicago

Art Found of Chicago (the United States)

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Established 1879; in present location since 1893
Location 111 South Michigan Avenue
Chicago, Illinois 60603
U.s.
Coordinates 41°52′46″N 87°37′26″Due west  /  41.87944°N 87.62389°Westward  / 41.87944; -87.62389 Coordinates: 41°52′46″N 87°37′26″W  /  41.87944°N 87.62389°W  / 41.87944; -87.62389
Drove size 300,000 works
Visitors 1.79 million (2016)[1]
365,660 (2020) (drop due to COVID-19 pandemic closures)[2]
Director James Rondeau
Public transit access CTA Bus routes:
(6 and 28 line)

'50' and Subway stations:

Adams-Wabash:

Brown Line

Green Line

Orange Line

Pink Line

Purple Line


Monroe/State:

Red Line


Monroe/Dearborn:

Bluish Line


Metra Train:
Van Buren Street Station
Website www.artic.edu

The Art Institute of Chicago in Chicago'southward Grant Park, founded in 1879, is i of the oldest and largest art museums in the world. Recognized for its curatorial efforts and popularity among visitors, the museum hosts approximately 1.5 million people annually.[3] Its drove, stewarded by xi curatorial departments, is encyclopedic, and includes iconic works such as Georges Seurat's A Sunday on La Grande Jatte, Pablo Picasso's The Old Guitarist, Edward Hopper'due south Nighthawks, and Grant Forest's American Gothic. Its permanent collection of nearly 300,000 works of art is augmented by more than 30 special exhibitions mounted yearly that illuminate aspects of the collection and present cutting-edge curatorial and scientific research.

Equally a inquiry institution, the Art Establish also has a conservation and conservation science department, 5 conservation laboratories, and one of the largest art history and architecture libraries in the country—the Ryerson and Burnham Libraries.

The growth of the collection has warranted several additions to the museum's 1893 building, which was constructed for the World'south Columbian Exposition. The most recent expansion, the Modern Wing designed past Renzo Piano, opened in 2009 and increased the museum's footprint to nearly i million square feet, making information technology the second-largest art museum in the United States, after the Metropolitan Museum of Art.[4] The Art Found is associated with the Schoolhouse of the Fine art Plant of Chicago, a leading fine art schoolhouse, making it 1 of the few remaining unified arts institutions in the United States.

In 2017, the Art Institute received 1,619,316 visitors, and was the 35th most-visited fine art museum in the world.[5] Yet, in 2020, due to the COVID-nineteen pandemic, the museum was closed for 169 days, and attendance plunged by 78 percent from 2019, to 365,660.[6]

History [edit]

In 1866, a group of 35 artists founded the Chicago Academy of Blueprint in a studio on Dearborn Street, with the intent to run a free school with its own art gallery. The organisation was modeled afterwards European art academies, such as the Majestic Academy, with Academicians and Associate Academicians. The University's lease was granted in March 1867.

Classes started in 1868, coming together every solar day at a cost of $ten per month. The Academy's success enabled it to build a new home for the school, a five-story stone building on 66 West Adams Street, which opened on November 22, 1870.

When the Dandy Chicago Fire destroyed the building in 1871 the Academy was thrown into debt. Attempts to proceed despite the loss past using rented facilities failed. By 1878, the Academy was $10,000 in debt. Members tried to rescue the ailing institution by making deals with local businessmen, before some finally abandoned it in 1879 to found a new arrangement, named the Chicago University of Fine Arts. When the Chicago University of Design went bankrupt the same twelvemonth, the new Chicago Academy of Fine Arts bought its avails at auction.

This 1893 sketch of the then new Art Found of Chicago shows nigh of today's Grant Park even so submerged under Lake Michigan, with the railroad tracks running along the shoreline behind the Museum

In 1882, the Chicago University of Fine Arts changed its name to the electric current Art Plant of Chicago and elected as its first president the broker and philanthropist Charles 50. Hutchinson, who "is arguably the single most important private to have shaped the management and fortunes of the Art Institute of Chicago".[7] : 5 Hutchinson was a director of many prominent Chicago organizations, including the University of Chicago,[viii] and would transform the Fine art Institute into a globe-class museum during his presidency, which he held until his expiry in 1924.[ix] As well in 1882, the organization purchased a lot on the southwest corner of Michigan Avenue and Van Buren Street for $45,000. The existing commercial building on that property was used for the organization'due south headquarters, and a new improver was constructed behind it to provide gallery space and to business firm the school's facilities.[seven] : 19 By January 1885 the trustees recognized the need to provide additional infinite for the organization's growing collection, and to this terminate purchased the vacant lot straight s on Michigan Avenue. The commercial edifice was demolished,[10] and the noted architect John Wellborn Root was hired by Hutchinson to pattern a building that would create an "impressive presence" on Michigan Avenue,[7] : 22–23 and these facilities opened to smashing fanfare in 1887.[7] : 24

With the announcement of the Globe's Columbian Exposition to be held in 1892–93, the Fine art Institute pressed for a building on the lakefront to be constructed for the off-white, but to be used by the Institute later. The city agreed, and the building was completed in time for the second year of the fair. Construction costs were met by selling the Michigan/Van Buren property. On October 31, 1893, the Institute moved into the new edifice. For the opening reception on December eight, 1893, Theodore Thomas and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra performed.

From the early 1900s (to the 1960s the school offered with the Logan Family (members of the lath) the Logan Medal of the Arts, an award which became one of the most distinguished awards presented to artists in the US. Between 1959 and 1970, the institute was a key site in the battle to gain art and documentary photography a place in galleries, under curator Hugh Edwards and his assistants.

As Director of the museum starting in the early on 1980s, James N. Wood conducted a major expansion of its collection and oversaw a major renovation and expansion project for its facilities. As "one of the near respected museum leaders in the land", equally described past The New York Times, Forest created major exhibitions of works by Paul Gauguin, Claude Monet and Vincent van Gogh that set records for attendance at the museum. He retired from the museum in 2004.[eleven]

The Institute began construction of "The Modern Wing", an addition situated on the southwest corner of Columbus and Monroe in the early 21st century.[12] The project, designed by Pritzker Prize–winning architect Renzo Piano, was completed and officially opened to the public on May xvi, 2009. The 264,000-square-pes (24,500 10002) building addition made the Fine art Found the second-largest art museum in the United States. The building houses the museum'southward world-renowned collections of 20th and 21st century art, specifically mod European painting and sculpture, contemporary art, architecture and design, and photography. In its inaugural survey in 2014, travel review website and forum, Tripadvisor, reviewed millions of travelers' surveys and named the Art Institute the world'south best museum.[xiii]

The museum received possibly the largest gift of art in its history in 2015.[14] Collectors Stefan Edlis and Gael Neeson donated a "collection [that] is among the world'south greatest groups of postwar Popular art ever assembled".[xv] The donation includes works past Andy Warhol, Jasper Johns, Cy Twombly, Jeff Koons, Charles Ray, Richard Prince, Cindy Sherman, Roy Lichtenstein and Gerhard Richter. The museum agreed to keep the donated work on display for at least 50 years.[15] In June 2018, the museum received a $fifty million donation, the largest unmarried announced budgetary donation in its history.[16]

Collection [edit]

The collection of the Art Establish of Chicago encompasses more than 5,000 years of homo expression from cultures around the globe and contains more than 300,000 works of fine art in 11 curatorial departments, ranging from early Japanese prints to the art of the Byzantine Empire to gimmicky American art. Information technology is principally known for one of the United States' finest collection of paintings produced in Western culture.[17] [18]

African Art and Indian Fine art of the Americas [edit]

The Art Institute'south African Art and Indian Art of the Americas collections are on display across two galleries in the southward end of the Michigan Avenue building. The African drove includes more than than 400 works that span the continent, highlighting ceramics, garments, masks, and jewelry.[nineteen]

The Amerindian drove includes Native North American art and Mesoamerican and Andean works. From pottery to textiles, the collection brings together a wide assortment of objects that seek to illustrate the thematic and artful focuses of art spanning the Americas.[20]

American Art [edit]

Edward Hopper's Nighthawks, 1942

The Art Found's American Art drove contains some of the best-known works in the American canon, including Edward Hopper's Nighthawks, Grant Wood's American Gothic, and Mary Cassatt'south The Kid's Bath. The drove ranges from colonial silverish to modern and contemporary paintings.

The museum purchased Nighthawks in 1942 for $3,000;[21] [22] [23] its acquisition "launched" the painting into "immense pop recognition".[24] Considered an "icon of American culture",[21] [25] Nighthawks is maybe Hopper'south almost famous painting, equally well as 1 of the nigh recognizable images in American art.[26] [27] [28] Too well known, American Gothic has been in the museum's collection since 1930 and was only loaned outside of North America for the get-go time in 2016.[29] Woods's painting depicts what has been called "the most famous couple in the world", a dour, rural-American, male parent and daughter. It was entered into a contest at the Art Found in 1930, and although not a favorite of some, information technology won a medal and was acquired by the museum.[30] [31]

Ancient and Byzantine [edit]

The Art Institute's ancient drove spans well-nigh four,000 years of art and history, showcasing Greek, Etruscan, Roman, and Egyptian sculpture, mosaics, pottery, jewelry, drinking glass, and bronze equally well as a robust and well-maintained collection of ancient coins. There are around 5,000 works in the collection, offering a comprehensive survey of the ancient and medieval Mediterranean globe, beginning with the third millennium B.C. and extending to the Byzantine Empire.[32] The collection also holds the mummy and mummy instance of Paankhenamun.[33] [34]

Architecture and Design [edit]

The Section of Architecture and Design holds more than 140,000 works, from models to drawings from the 1870s to the nowadays 24-hour interval. The collection covers mural compages, structural engineering, and industrial design, including the works of Frank Lloyd Wright, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and Le Corbusier.[35]

Asian Art [edit]

The Art Institute's Asian drove spans nearly 5,000 years, including significant works and objects from China, Korea, Japan, India, Southeast Asia, and the Near and Heart East. There are 35,000 objects in the collection, showcasing bronzes, ceramics, and jades likewise as textiles, screens, woodcuts, and sculptures.[36] One gallery in particular attempts to mimic the placidity and meditative manner in which Japanese screens are traditionally viewed.

European Decorative Arts [edit]

The Art Institute'due south collection of European decorative arts includes some 25,000 objects of furniture, ceramics, metalwork, glass, enamel, and ivory from 1100 A.D. to the nowadays day. The department contains the 1,544 objects in the Arthur Rubloff Paperweight Drove and the 68 Thorne Miniature Rooms–a collection of miniaturized interiors of a 1:12 scale showcasing American, European, and Asian architectural and piece of furniture styles from the Heart Ages to the 1930s (when the rooms were constructed).[37] Both the paperweights and the Thorne Rooms are located on the ground floor of the museum.

European Painting and Sculpture [edit]

Georges Seurat, A Sunday on La Grande Jatte — 1884, 1884/86

The museum is most famous for its collections of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings, widely regarded equally i of the finest collections outside of France.[38] Highlights include more than 30 paintings past Claude Monet, including six of his Haystacks and a number of Water Lilies. Also in the collection are of import works by Pierre-Auguste Renoir such as Two Sisters (On the Terrace), and Gustave Caillebotte's Paris Street; Rainy Day. Post-Impressionist works include Paul Cézanne's The Handbasket of Apples, and Madame Cézanne in a Yellow Chair. At the Moulin Rouge by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec is another highlight. The pointillist masterpiece, which also inspired a musical and was famously featured in Ferris Bueller'due south Day Off, Georges Seurat's Sunday Afternoon on La Grande Jatte—1884, is prominently displayed. Additionally, Henri Matisse'due south Bathers by a River, is an important example of his work. Highlights of non-French paintings of the Impressionist and Mail-Impressionist collection include Vincent van Gogh'southward Bedroom in Arles and Self-portrait, 1887.

In the mid-1930s, the Art Found received a gift of over one hundred works of art from Annie Swan Coburn ("Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Drove"). The "Coburn Renoirs" became the core of the Fine art Institute's Impressionist painting drove.[39]

The collection too includes the Medieval and Renaissance Fine art, Arms, and Armor holdings, including the George F. Harding Collection of arms and armor,[40] and 3 centuries of Quondam Masters works.[41]

Modern and Contemporary Art [edit]

The museum's drove of modern and contemporary art was significantly augmented when collectors Stefan Edlis and Gael Neeson gifted 40 plus master works to the department in 2015.[42] Pablo Picasso'due south Old Guitarist, Henri Matisse'southward Bathers by a River, Constantin Brâncuși's Gold Bird, and René Magritte's Fourth dimension Transfixed are highlights of the modern galleries, located on the third floor of the Modernistic Fly.[43] The contemporary installation, located on the 2nd floor, contains works past Andy Warhol, Cindy Sherman, Cy Twombly, Jackson Pollock, Jasper Johns, and other significant modernistic and contemporary artists.

Photography [edit]

The Fine art Constitute didn't officially institute a photography collection until 1949, when Georgia O'Keeffe donated a significant portion of the Alfred Stieglitz collection to the museum.[44] Since then, the museum's collection has grown to approximately twenty,000 works spanning the history of the artform from its inception in 1839 to the nowadays.

Prints and Drawings [edit]

The impress and drawings collection began with a donation by Elizabeth Due south. Stickney of 460 works in 1887, and was organized into its own department of the museum in 1911.[45] Their holdings have after grown to eleven,500 drawings and threescore,000 prints, ranging from 15th-century works to gimmicky. The collection contains a strong group of the works of Albrecht Dürer, Rembrandt van Rijn, Francisco Goya, and James McNeill Whistler. Considering works on paper are sensitive to low-cal and degrade apace, the works are on brandish infrequently in order to keep them in good condition for as long as possible.

Textiles [edit]

The Department of Textiles has more than 13,000 textiles and 66,000 sample swatches in total, roofing an array of cultures from 300 B.C. to the present. From English needlework to Japanese garments to American quilts, the drove presents a various group of objects, including gimmicky works and fiber art.[46]

Architecture [edit]

Michigan Avenue entrance today

A postcard of the Art Institute dated 1907

The current building at 111 South Michigan Artery is the third address for the Art Institute. It was designed in the Beaux-Arts style by Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge of Boston[47] for the 1893 World'south Columbian Exposition every bit the Earth's Congress Auxiliary Building with the intent that the Art Establish occupy the space after the fair airtight.

The Art Constitute's famous western archway on Michigan Avenue is guarded by two bronze panthera leo statues created by Edward Kemeys. The lions were unveiled on May 10, 1894, each weighing more than ii tons. The sculptor gave them unofficial names: the s panthera leo is "stands in an attitude of disobedience", and the north lion is "on the prowl". When a Chicago sports team plays in the championships of their respective league (i.e. the Super Bowl or Stanley Cup Finals, not the unabridged playoffs), the lions are frequently dressed in that squad's uniform. Evergreen wreaths are placed around their necks during the Christmas season.

The east archway of the museum is marked past the rock arch archway to the one-time Chicago Stock Exchange. Designed by Louis Sullivan in 1894, the Commutation was torn down in 1972, but salvaged portions of the original trading room were brought to the Art Institute and reconstructed.

The Art Institute building has the unusual property of straddling open-air railroad tracks. Two stories of gallery space connect the east and west buildings while the Metra Electric and S Shore lines operate below. The lower level of gallery space was formerly the windowless Gunsaulus hall, but is at present domicile to the Alsdorf Galleries showcasing Indian, Southeast Asian and Himalayan Fine art. During renovation, windows facing northward toward Millennium Park were added. The gallery space was designed by Renzo Piano in conjunction with his design of the Modern Wing and features the same window screening used at that place to protect the art from direct sunlight. The upper level formerly held the modern European galleries, simply was renovated in 2008 and now features the Impressionist and Mail-Impressionist galleries.

Libraries [edit]

Located on the ground floor of the museum is the Ryerson & Burnham Libraries. The Libraries' collections encompass all periods of art, but is most known for its extensive collection of 18th to 20th century architecture. It serves the museum staff, college and university students, and is besides open to the general public. The Friends of the Libraries, a support group for the Libraries, offers events and special tours for its members.

Modern Wing [edit]

Art Constitute of Chicago Modern Wing

On May 16, 2009, the Art Institute opened the Modernistic Wing, the largest expansion in the museum's history.[48] The 264,000-square-pes (24,500 m2) improver, designed past Renzo Pianoforte, makes the Art Institute the 2d-largest museum in the United states.[4] The builder of record in the City of Chicago for this edifice was Interactive Design.[49] The Modern Wing is home to the museum'southward collection of early 20th-century European art, including Pablo Picasso's The One-time Guitarist, Henri Matisse'southward Bathers by a River, and René Magritte'due south Time Transfixed. The Lindy and Edwin Bergman Collection of Surrealist art includes the largest public display of Joseph Cornell's works (37 boxes and collages).[50] The Wing also houses contemporary art from after 1960; new photography, video media, architecture and design galleries including original renderings by Frank Lloyd Wright, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Bruce Goff; temporary exhibition infinite; shops and classrooms; a buffet and a restaurant, Terzo Pianoforte, that overlooks Millennium Park from its terrace.[51] In addition, the Nichols Bridgeway connects a sculpture garden on the roof of the new wing with the adjacent Millennium Park to the north and a courtyard designed by Gustafson Guthrie Nichol. In 2009, the Modern Wing won at the Chicago Innovation Awards.[52]

Selections from the permanent drove [edit]

Note that other notable works are in the collection but the post-obit examples are ones in the public domain and for which pictures are bachelor. In 2018, as it redesigned its website, the Art Establish released 52,438 of its public domain works, under the Creative Commons Naught (CC0) licence.[53]

Paintings [edit]

  • Paul Cézanne, The Bay of Marseilles, view from L'Estaque, 1885

  • Pablo Picasso, 1904, Adult female with a Helmet of Pilus, gouache on tan woods pulp board

  • Kazimir Malevich, Painterly Realism of a Football Role player—Color Masses in the 4th Dimension, 1915

Sculptures [edit]

More highlights from the collection [edit]

  • One of the Thorne Miniature Rooms, c. 1930s

  • Pieces from the porcelain collection in the Fine art Institute of Chicago

  • Museum hall

Governance [edit]

Attendance [edit]

During 2009, attendance was around 2 million—up 33 per centum from 2008—in addition to a total of approximately 100,000 museum memberships. Despite a 25 percent boost in museum admission fees, the Mod Wing was a major catalyst for a rise in company traffic.[54]

Finances [edit]

As of 2011, the Art Constitute continues to rebuild its $783 1000000 endowment since the recession.[55] In June 2008, its endowment was $827 million. Equally of 2012, the museum is rated A1 by Moody's, its 5th-highest class, in role reflecting the museum's pension and retirement liabilities; Standard & Poor'southward rates the museum A+, fifth-best. In Oct 2012, the Art Establish sold near $100 million of taxable and tax-exempt bonds partly to shore up unfunded alimony obligations.[56]

The $294 million extension in 2009 was the culmination of a $385 million fundraising campaign—roughly $300 meg for design and construction and $85 million for the endowment. Effectually $370 one thousand thousand were raised primarily from private patrons in Chicago.[57] In 2011, the Fine art Found received a $10 meg gift from the Jaharis Family Foundation to renovate and expand galleries devoted to Greek, Roman and Byzantine art, as well equally to support acquisitions and special exhibitions of that art.[58]

Acquisitions and deaccessioning [edit]

In 1990, the Art Constitute of Chicago sold 11 works at auction, including paintings by Claude Monet, Pablo Picasso, Amedeo Modigliani, Maurice Utrillo and Edgar Degas, to raise the $12 one thousand thousand buy price of a statuary sculpture, Golden Bird, past Constantin Brâncuși. At the fourth dimension, the sculpture was endemic by the Arts Guild of Chicago, which was selling it to buy a new gallery for its other works.[59] In 2005, the museum sold two paintings by Marc Chagall and Auguste Renoir at Sotheby's.[60] In 2011, it auctioned 2 Picassos (Sur fifty'impériale traversant la Seine (1901) and Verre et pipe (1919)), Henri Matisse'southward Femme au fauteuil (1919), and Georges Braque'southward Nature morte à la guitare (rideaux rouge) (1938) at Christie's in London.[61] [62]

Directors [edit]

  • William Thou.R. French (1885–1914)
  • Newton Carpenter (1914–1916)
  • George Eggers (1918–1921)
  • Robert Harshe (1921–1938)
  • Daniel Catton Rich (1938–1958)
  • Allen McNab (1956–1965)
  • Charles Cunningham (1965–1972)
  • E. Laurence Chalmers (1972–1986)
  • James North. Woods (1980–2004)
  • James Cuno (2004–2011)
  • Douglas Druick (2011–2016)
  • James Rondeau (2016–present)

Controversy [edit]

Direction of investments dispute [edit]

In 2002, the Art Institute of Chicago filed arrange alleging fraud by a small-scale Dallas firm chosen Integral Investment Management, forth with related parties. The museum, which put $43 million of its endowment into funds run by the defendants, claimed that it faced losses of upwards to 90% on the investments later on they soured.[63]

Construction disputes [edit]

In 2010, the year after the opening of its massive Modern Wing, the Fine art Institute of Chicago sued the engineering house Ove Arup for $10 one thousand thousand over what it said were flaws in the concrete floors and air-apportionment systems. The suit was settled out of courtroom.[64] [65]

Docent program diversity dispute [edit]

In 2021, the Art Plant ended its unpaid volunteer docents programme to move to a paid model. The Chicago Tribune editorial page criticized the Intitute'due south letter announcing the modify and the motion to a new model, arguing that "[o]nce you cut through the blather, the letter basically said the museum had looked critically at its corps of docents, a group dominated by mostly (simply not entirely) white, retired women with some fourth dimension to spare, and found them wanting as a demographic."[66] The Establish'due south director, Robert M. Levy, responded in a Tribune op-ed supporting the alter, and described the Tribune's editorial as having "numerous inaccuracies and mischaracterizations", noted that the docent programme had already been largely on interruption for the by 15 months due to the COVID pandemic, and argued that the conclusion was not almost anyone'southward identity, it was in keeping with changing modern museum practices around the world.[67]

Following a volunteerism surge in the late 1940s, the plan had been created in 1961 to revitalize and expand "programming for children."[68] Amongst other matters, since 2014 the program had been trying to attract a more diverse socioeconomic perspective set of art-tour guides, given the unpaid time commitment needed.[69]

In popular civilization [edit]

Director John Hughes included a sequence in the Fine art Plant in his 1986 film Ferris Bueller's Solar day Off, which is set in Chicago. During it the characters are shown viewing A Dominicus Afternoon on the Isle of La Grande Jatte. Hughes had first visited the Institute as a "refuge" while in high school. Hughes' commentary on the sequence was used as a reference point by announcer Hadley Freeman in a discussion of the Republican presidential primary candidates in 2011.[71]

The paintings used in the 1970 Parker Brothers lath game Masterpiece are works held in the Fine art Constitute'southward collection.[72] [ non-primary source needed ]

See as well [edit]

  • American Academy of Art
  • Bessie Bennett, early 20th century Curator of Decorative Art
  • Forest Idyll
  • Listing of nearly-visited museums in the United States
  • List of museums and cultural institutions in Chicago
  • Alme Meyvis
  • Visual arts of Chicago

References [edit]

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  18. ^ "Earth's well-nigh beautiful museums". Fox News. May 3, 2013. Retrieved 2013-05-04 . Must-come across masterpieces: Georges Seurat'due south A Sunday on the Island of La Grande Jatte, Nighthawks, and Vincent Van Gogh'southward Bedchamber in Arles.
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  33. ^ "Coffin and Mummy Instance of Paankhenamun" (PDF). The Art Institute of Chicago . Retrieved 2013-01-thirteen .
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  35. ^ "Compages and Blueprint". Art Institute of Chicago . Retrieved 2016-08-03 .
  36. ^ "Asian Art". Art Plant of Chicago . Retrieved 2016-08-03 .
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External links [edit]

  • Official website Edit this at Wikidata
  • Fine art Institute's Impressionistic collection, YouTube

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago

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